Main Page/ar - Revision history

Nano: Complete public six-language translation; machine-assisted draft with terminology and markup checks

2026-10-08T14:23:25Z

Complete public six-language translation; machine-assisted draft with terminology and markup checks

FuzzyBot: Updating to match new version of source page

2026-06-29T05:59:44Z

Updating to match new version of source page

@@ Line 74: / Line 74: @@
 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
-<div class="np-grid"><div class="np-box np-heading-blue"><h2>Start Here</h2><div class="np-box-content">
+<div id="np-2012-links">
-* [[Nanopore technology]] - principles, pore types, signals, and measurement concepts.
+<table><tr>
-* [[Nanopore sequencing]] - how DNA and RNA sequencing with nanopores works.
+<td><h3>Knowledge Areas</h3>
-* [[Single-molecule detection]] - how nanopores can detect individual molecules.
+* [[Nanopore technology|Technology]]
-* [[Bioinformatics]] - basecalling, read mapping, assembly, variants, and quality control.
+* [[Nanopore sequencing|Sequencing]]
-* [[Glossary]] - concise definitions of common terms.
+* [[Single-molecule detection|Single-molecule detection]]
-</div></div>
+</td>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
-<div class="np-box np-heading-red"><h2>Nanopore Wiki Reminds You</h2><div class="np-box-content">
+<div id="np-2012-sisters">
-Nanopore Wiki is an educational and knowledge-organization project. Its pages are intended for science communication and general technical reference, and do not replace professional medical, legal, regulatory, or commercial advice. Claims about breakthroughs, clinical use, or product performance should be supported by reliable sources.
+<p><b>Nanopore Wiki</b> is a knowledge and science-outreach project. The site can reserve space for related multilingual, open-content tasks and community-maintained resources:</p>
-</div></div></div>
+<table>
 </div>
 </div>

FuzzyBot: Updating to match new version of source page

2026-06-29T05:43:04Z

Updating to match new version of source page

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:43, 29 June 2026
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	<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">		<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
	<div class="np-grid"><div class="np-~~panel~~ np-blue"><h2>Start Here</h2><div class="np-~~panel~~-~~body~~">		<div class="np-grid"><div class="np-box np-heading-blue"><h2>Start Here</h2><div class="np-box-content">
	* [[Nanopore technology]] - principles, pore types, signals, and measurement concepts.		* [[Nanopore technology]] - principles, pore types, signals, and measurement concepts.
	* [[Nanopore sequencing]] - how DNA and RNA sequencing with nanopores works.		* [[Nanopore sequencing]] - how DNA and RNA sequencing with nanopores works.
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	<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">		<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
	<div class="np-~~panel~~ np-green"><h2>Applications</h2><div class="np-~~panel~~-~~body~~">		<div class="np-box np-heading-green"><h2>Applications</h2><div class="np-box-content">
	* Public health surveillance and pathogen genomics		* Public health surveillance and pathogen genomics
	* Clinical and infectious disease research		* Clinical and infectious disease research
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	<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">		<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
	<div class="np-grid"><div class="np-~~panel~~ np-~~purple~~"><h2>Tools and Workflows</h2><div class="np-~~panel~~-~~body~~">		<div class="np-grid"><div class="np-box np-heading-gray"><h2>Tools and Workflows</h2><div class="np-box-content">
	* [[MinION]] and other portable sequencing instruments		* [[MinION]] and other portable sequencing instruments
	* [[Oxford Nanopore]] platforms and chemistry concepts		* [[Oxford Nanopore]] platforms and chemistry concepts
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	<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">		<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
	<div class="np-~~panel~~ np-red"><h2>Nanopore Wiki Reminds You</h2><div class="np-~~panel~~-~~body~~">		<div class="np-box np-heading-red"><h2>Nanopore Wiki Reminds You</h2><div class="np-box-content">
	Nanopore Wiki is an educational and knowledge-organization project. Its pages are intended for science communication and general technical reference, and do not replace professional medical, legal, regulatory, or commercial advice. Claims about breakthroughs, clinical use, or product performance should be supported by reliable sources.		Nanopore Wiki is an educational and knowledge-organization project. Its pages are intended for science communication and general technical reference, and do not replace professional medical, legal, regulatory, or commercial advice. Claims about breakthroughs, clinical use, or product performance should be supported by reliable sources.
	</div></div></div>		</div></div></div>
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	<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">		<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
	<div class="np-project-grid">		<div class="np-project-grid">
	<div class="np-project~~-item~~"~~><div class="np-project-icon">G</div><div~~><div class="np-project-title">[[Glossary\|Glossary]]</div><div class="np-project-desc">Concise definitions for nanopore terms.~~</div>~~</div></div>		<div class="np-project"><div class="np-project-title">[[Glossary\|Glossary]]</div><div class="np-project-desc">Concise definitions for nanopore terms.</div></div>
	<div class="np-project~~-item~~"~~><div class="np-project-icon">N</div><div~~><div class="np-project-title">[[Latest Progress\|News and papers]]</div><div class="np-project-desc">Research updates, high-level papers, and technology progress.~~</div>~~</div></div>		<div class="np-project"><div class="np-project-title">[[Latest Progress\|News and papers]]</div><div class="np-project-desc">Research updates, high-level papers, and technology progress.</div></div>
	<div class="np-project~~-item"><div class="np-project-icon~~"~~>D</div><div~~><div class="np-project-title">[[Bioinformatics\|Data and bioinformatics]]</div><div class="np-project-desc">Workflows for signal, reads, mapping, assembly, and variants.~~</div>~~</div></div>		<div class="np-project"><div class="np-project-title">[[Bioinformatics\|Data and bioinformatics]]</div><div class="np-project-desc">Workflows for signal, reads, mapping, assembly, and variants.</div></div>
	<div class="np-project~~-item~~"~~><div class="np-project-icon">I</div><div~~><div class="np-project-title">[[MinION\|Instruments and workflows]]</div><div class="np-project-desc">Portable sequencing devices and practical methods.~~</div>~~</div></div>		<div class="np-project"><div class="np-project-title">[[MinION\|Instruments and workflows]]</div><div class="np-project-desc">Portable sequencing devices and practical methods.</div></div>
	<div class="np-project~~-item~~"~~><div class="np-project-icon">H</div><div~~><div class="np-project-title">[[Help:Contents\|Help]]</div><div class="np-project-desc">How to read, search, and contribute.~~</div>~~</div></div>		<div class="np-project"><div class="np-project-title">[[Help:Contents\|Help]]</div><div class="np-project-desc">How to read, search, and contribute.</div></div>
	<div class="np-project~~-item"><div class="np-project-icon~~"~~>E</div><div~~><div class="np-project-title">[[Nanopore Wiki:Editorial guidelines\|Editorial guidelines]]</div><div class="np-project-desc">Quality standards for rigorous writing and sourcing.~~</div>~~</div></div>		<div class="np-project"><div class="np-project-title">[[Nanopore Wiki:Editorial guidelines\|Editorial guidelines]]</div><div class="np-project-desc">Quality standards for rigorous writing and sourcing.</div></div>
	</div></div>		</div></div>
	</div>		</div>

FuzzyBot: Updating to match new version of source page

2026-06-29T05:37:12Z

Updating to match new version of source page

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:37, 29 June 2026
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	<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">		<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
	\|-		<div class="np-grid"><div class="np-panel np-blue"><h2>Start Here</h2><div class="np-panel-body">
	~~\| style~~="~~width:50%; vertical~~-~~align:top; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa; padding:1em;~~" \|		* [[Nanopore technology]] - principles, pore types, signals, and measurement concepts.
	~~== Latest Progress ==~~		* [[Nanopore sequencing]] - how DNA and RNA sequencing with nanopores works.
	~~{{:Latest Progress}}~~		* [[Single-molecule detection]] - how nanopores can detect individual molecules.
			* [[Bioinformatics]] - basecalling, read mapping, assembly, variants, and quality control.
			* [[Glossary]] - concise definitions of common terms.
			</div></div>
	</div>		</div>

	<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">		<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
	~~\| style~~="~~width:50%; vertical~~-~~align:top; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa; padding:1em;~~" \|		<div class="np-panel np-green"><h2>Applications</h2><div class="np-panel-body">
	~~== Contribute ==~~		* Public health surveillance and pathogen genomics
	~~Nanopore Wiki welcomes careful contributions: clear definitions~~, ~~reliable sources~~, ~~reproducible methods~~, ~~and balanced summaries of recent research. New progress items should include a date~~, ~~a concise explanation~~, and ~~a source when available.~~		* Clinical and infectious disease research
			* Environmental DNA and biodiversity monitoring
			* Microbiome and metagenomic analysis
			* Agriculture, food safety, and biosecurity
			* Structural variation, genome assembly, RNA analysis, and epigenetic modification detection
			</div></div></div>
	</div>		</div>

	<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">		<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
	== ~~Site Notes~~ ==		<div class="np-grid"><div class="np-panel np-purple"><h2>Tools and Workflows</h2><div class="np-panel-body">
	Nanopore Wiki is an educational and knowledge-organization project. Its pages are intended for science communication and general technical reference, and do not replace professional medical, legal, regulatory, or commercial advice.		* [[MinION]] and other portable sequencing instruments
			* [[Oxford Nanopore]] platforms and chemistry concepts
			* Basecalling from raw signal to sequence reads
			* Read mapping, variant calling, genome assembly, and quality control
			* Experimental design, metadata, reproducibility, and responsible interpretation
			</div></div>
			</div>

			<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
			<div class="np-panel np-red"><h2>Nanopore Wiki Reminds You</h2><div class="np-panel-body">
			Nanopore Wiki is an educational and knowledge-organization project. Its pages are intended for science communication and general technical reference, and do not replace professional medical, legal, regulatory, or commercial advice. Claims about breakthroughs, clinical use, or product performance should be supported by reliable sources.
			</div></div></div>
			</div>

			<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
			<div class="np-projects"><div class="np-project-intro"><b>Nanopore Wiki</b> is a knowledge and science-outreach project. The site can host related multilingual, open-content tasks and community-maintained resources:</div>
			</div>

			<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
			<div class="np-project-grid">
			<div class="np-project-item"><div class="np-project-icon">G</div><div><div class="np-project-title">[[Glossary\|Glossary]]</div><div class="np-project-desc">Concise definitions for nanopore terms.</div></div></div>
			<div class="np-project-item"><div class="np-project-icon">N</div><div><div class="np-project-title">[[Latest Progress\|News and papers]]</div><div class="np-project-desc">Research updates, high-level papers, and technology progress.</div></div></div>
			<div class="np-project-item"><div class="np-project-icon">D</div><div><div class="np-project-title">[[Bioinformatics\|Data and bioinformatics]]</div><div class="np-project-desc">Workflows for signal, reads, mapping, assembly, and variants.</div></div></div>
			<div class="np-project-item"><div class="np-project-icon">I</div><div><div class="np-project-title">[[MinION\|Instruments and workflows]]</div><div class="np-project-desc">Portable sequencing devices and practical methods.</div></div></div>
			<div class="np-project-item"><div class="np-project-icon">H</div><div><div class="np-project-title">[[Help:Contents\|Help]]</div><div class="np-project-desc">How to read, search, and contribute.</div></div></div>
			<div class="np-project-item"><div class="np-project-icon">E</div><div><div class="np-project-title">[[Nanopore Wiki:Editorial guidelines\|Editorial guidelines]]</div><div class="np-project-desc">Quality standards for rigorous writing and sourcing.</div></div></div>
			</div></div>
	</div>		</div>

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	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanopore_sequencing Nanopore sequencing - Wikipedia]		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanopore_sequencing Nanopore sequencing - Wikipedia]
	* [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:202001_nanopore_sequencing.svg Principle of nanopore sequencing - Wikimedia Commons]		* [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:202001_nanopore_sequencing.svg Principle of nanopore sequencing - Wikimedia Commons]
	\|}		</div>
	</div>		</div>

	<languages />		<languages />

FuzzyBot: Updating to match new version of source page

2026-06-29T04:59:44Z

Updating to match new version of source page

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:59, 29 June 2026
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	__NOTOC__		__NOTOC__
			<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
	<div style="border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa; padding:1.2em; margin-bottom:1em; overflow:hidden;">		<div style="border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa; padding:1.2em; margin-bottom:1em; overflow:hidden;">
	[[File:Nanopore_sequencing_principle.png\|thumb\|right\|360px\|Principle of nanopore sequencing. Source: Wikimedia Commons, DBCLS, CC BY 4.0.]]		[[File:Nanopore_sequencing_principle.png\|thumb\|right\|360px\|Principle of nanopore sequencing. Source: Wikimedia Commons, DBCLS, CC BY 4.0.]]
	<div style="font-size:188%; line-height:1.2; margin-bottom:0.25em;">مرحبًا بك في Nanopore Wiki</div>		<div style="font-size:188%; line-height:1.2; margin-bottom:0.25em;">مرحبًا بك في Nanopore Wiki</div>
	<div style="font-size:108%; max-width:58em;">قاعدة معرفية وموقع توعية علمية لتكنولوجيا النانو بور، وتسلسل النانو بور، واستشعار الجزيء الواحد، وسير عمل المعلوماتية الحيوية، والأدوات، والأبحاث الحدودية.</div>		<div style="font-size:108%; max-width:58em;">قاعدة معرفية وموقع توعية علمية لتكنولوجيا النانو بور، وتسلسل النانو بور، واستشعار الجزيء الواحد، وسير عمل المعلوماتية الحيوية، والأدوات، والأبحاث الحدودية.</div>
			</div>
	</div>		</div>

			<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
	{\| style="width:100%; border-spacing:10px; border-collapse:separate;"		{\| style="width:100%; border-spacing:10px; border-collapse:separate;"
	\| style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa; padding:1em;" \|		\| style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa; padding:1em;" \|
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	* [[Bioinformatics\|المعلوماتية الحيوية]]		* [[Bioinformatics\|المعلوماتية الحيوية]]
	* [[Glossary\|مسرد المصطلحات]]		* [[Glossary\|مسرد المصطلحات]]
			</div>

			<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
	المسام النانوية هي مسام متناهية الصغر يمكن استخدامها لمراقبة الجزيئات من خلال التغيرات في التيار الكهربائي أو تدفق الأيونات أو غيرها من الإشارات القابلة للقياس. وهذا يجعلها مفيدة للتسلسل والاستشعار الجزيئي والتحليل في الوقت الحقيقي.		المسام النانوية هي مسام متناهية الصغر يمكن استخدامها لمراقبة الجزيئات من خلال التغيرات في التيار الكهربائي أو تدفق الأيونات أو غيرها من الإشارات القابلة للقياس. وهذا يجعلها مفيدة للتسلسل والاستشعار الجزيئي والتحليل في الوقت الحقيقي.
			</div>

			<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
	\| style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa; padding:1em;" \|		\| style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa; padding:1em;" \|
	== آخر المستجدات ==		== آخر المستجدات ==
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	* [[Environmental DNA\|الحمض النووي البيئي]]		* [[Environmental DNA\|الحمض النووي البيئي]]
	* [[Protein nanopore sensing\|استشعار البروتين النانوي النانوي]]		* [[Protein nanopore sensing\|استشعار البروتين النانوي النانوي]]
			</div>

			<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
	\| style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa; padding:1em;" \|		\| style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa; padding:1em;" \|
	== الأدوات وسير العمل ==		== الأدوات وسير العمل ==
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	* الميكروبيوم والميتاجينوميات		* الميكروبيوم والميتاجينوميات
	* تحليل المتغير الهيكلي		* تحليل المتغير الهيكلي
			</div>

			<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
	\| style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa; padding:1em;" \|		\| style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa; padding:1em;" \|
	== المساهمة ==		== المساهمة ==
	إضافة صفحات جديدة، وتحسين التعريفات، وتلخيص الأوراق البحثية الحديثة، وتحديث صفحات الأساليب. بالنسبة لعناصر التقدم الجديدة، قم بتحرير [[Latest Progress\|آخر المستجدات]] بحيث يتم تحديث الصفحة الرئيسية تلقائياً.		إضافة صفحات جديدة، وتحسين التعريفات، وتلخيص الأوراق البحثية الحديثة، وتحديث صفحات الأساليب. بالنسبة لعناصر التقدم الجديدة، قم بتحرير [[Latest Progress\|آخر المستجدات]] بحيث يتم تحديث الصفحة الرئيسية تلقائياً.
			</div>

			<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
	== المراجع ==		== المراجع ==
	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanopore نانوبور النانو - ويكيبيديا]		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanopore نانوبور النانو - ويكيبيديا]
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	* [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:202001_nanopore_sequencing.svg مبدأ التسلسل النانوي - ويكيميديا كومنز]		* [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:202001_nanopore_sequencing.svg مبدأ التسلسل النانوي - ويكيميديا كومنز]
	\|}		\|}
			</div>

			<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
			\|-
			\| style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa; padding:1em;" \|
			== Latest Progress ==
			{{:Latest Progress}}
			</div>

			<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
			\| style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa; padding:1em;" \|
			== Contribute ==
			Nanopore Wiki welcomes careful contributions: clear definitions, reliable sources, reproducible methods, and balanced summaries of recent research. New progress items should include a date, a concise explanation, and a source when available.
			</div>

			<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
			== Site Notes ==
			Nanopore Wiki is an educational and knowledge-organization project. Its pages are intended for science communication and general technical reference, and do not replace professional medical, legal, regulatory, or commercial advice.
			</div>

			<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
			== References ==
			* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanopore Nanopore - Wikipedia]
			* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanopore_sequencing Nanopore sequencing - Wikipedia]
			* [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:202001_nanopore_sequencing.svg Principle of nanopore sequencing - Wikimedia Commons]
			\|}
			</div>

	<languages />		<languages />

Nano: Machine translation from en via nanopore-translate

2026-06-27T09:09:43Z

Machine translation from en via nanopore-translate

New page

__NOTOC__
<div style="border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa; padding:1.2em; margin-bottom:1em; overflow:hidden;">
[[File:Nanopore_sequencing_principle.png|thumb|right|360px|Principle of nanopore sequencing. Source: Wikimedia Commons, DBCLS, CC BY 4.0.]]
<div style="font-size:188%; line-height:1.2; margin-bottom:0.25em;">مرحبًا بك في Nanopore Wiki</div>
<div style="font-size:108%; max-width:58em;">قاعدة معرفية وموقع توعية علمية لتكنولوجيا النانو بور، وتسلسل النانو بور، واستشعار الجزيء الواحد، وسير عمل المعلوماتية الحيوية، والأدوات، والأبحاث الحدودية.</div>
</div>

{| style="width:100%; border-spacing:10px; border-collapse:separate;"
| style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa; padding:1em;" |
== ابدأ من هنا ==
* [[Nanopore technology|تقنية النانوبور النانوية]]
* [[Nanopore sequencing|التسلسل النانوي]]
* [[Single-molecule detection|الكشف عن الجزيء الواحد]]
* [[Bioinformatics|المعلوماتية الحيوية]]
* [[Glossary|مسرد المصطلحات]]

المسام النانوية هي مسام متناهية الصغر يمكن استخدامها لمراقبة الجزيئات من خلال التغيرات في التيار الكهربائي أو تدفق الأيونات أو غيرها من الإشارات القابلة للقياس. وهذا يجعلها مفيدة للتسلسل والاستشعار الجزيئي والتحليل في الوقت الحقيقي.

| style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa; padding:1em;" |
== آخر المستجدات ==
{{:Latest Progress}}
|-
| style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa; padding:1em;" |
== مواضيع البحث ==
* [[Long-read sequencing|تسلسل القراءة الطويلة]]
* [[Direct RNA sequencing|التسلسل المباشر للحمض النووي الريبي (RNA)]]
* [[Epigenetic modification detection|الكشف عن التعديل الوراثي فوق الجيني]]
* [[Pathogen detection|الكشف عن مسببات الأمراض]]
* [[Environmental DNA|الحمض النووي البيئي]]
* [[Protein nanopore sensing|استشعار البروتين النانوي النانوي]]

| style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa; padding:1em;" |
== الأدوات وسير العمل ==
* [[MinION|مينيون]]
* [[Oxford Nanopore|أوكسفورد نانوبور]]
* [[Basecalling|النداء الأساسي]]
* [[Read mapping|قراءة الخريطة]]
* [[Variant calling|استدعاء المتغير]]
* [[Genome assembly|تجميع الجينوم]]
* [[Quality control|مراقبة الجودة]]
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== التطبيقات ==
* مراقبة الصحة العامة
* الجينوميات السريرية والممرضة
* الزراعة وسلامة الأغذية
* الرصد البيئي
* الميكروبيوم والميتاجينوميات
* تحليل المتغير الهيكلي

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== المساهمة ==
إضافة صفحات جديدة، وتحسين التعريفات، وتلخيص الأوراق البحثية الحديثة، وتحديث صفحات الأساليب. بالنسبة لعناصر التقدم الجديدة، قم بتحرير [[Latest Progress|آخر المستجدات]] بحيث يتم تحديث الصفحة الرئيسية تلقائياً.

== المراجع ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanopore نانوبور النانو - ويكيبيديا]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanopore_sequencing التسلسل النانوي - ويكيبيديا]
* [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:202001_nanopore_sequencing.svg مبدأ التسلسل النانوي - ويكيميديا كومنز]
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